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Technology and crime: A never-ending cat-and-mouse game

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Technology and crime: A never-ending cat-and-mouse game
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Politics in the world now refers to merely technical rather than purely political issues. In recent years, cyberspace issues, including cybersecurity, Internet freedom and governance, have quickly become ‘politicised’ and a natural global public issue.

Important signs of the politicisation of the cyber world are the inclusion of cybersecurity on the scenario agenda, as well as the spreading of US policy on the Internet freedom and the promotion of the theory of the IT public domain.

The reason why the issue of cyberspace can rapidly politicise the world is closely related to the intrinsic relevance for the Internet security and the threats posed by politicians and the media regarding active US promotion to maintain hegemony.

Although it is very difficult to politicise technical issues, countries can significantly reduce the negative impact of politicising cyberspace by increasing contacts, building consensus, comparing and learning from experience in dealing with similar issues, and curbing excessive media threats.

In recent years, the international community has witnessed the emergence of three major global public problems: the financial crisis, climate change and the cyberspace issue.

Among these, the cyberspace issue is particularly captivating, as it is a new problem that has quickly entered the international political agenda. Compared to the financial crisis and the problems of climate change, the cybersecurity issue is still in a nascent stage. It is often compared to the Wild West – that is, the lack of international direction and laws that have not yet formed a global basis for consensus and a firmly established international consultation system.

Cyberspace is characterised by the application of electronic technology. It stores, modifies and exchanges data and information through interconnected network systems and physical devices. It is a multidimensional artificial virtual world managed, accessed and generated by computers and it is connected to the existing world, creating a multiverse system in which we are here, but can also go there with the possibility of virtual ubiquity.

Cyberspace can be divided into two types: technical issues and non-technical issues. Non-technical issues are the key research matters of international politics scholars. They mainly comprise three main issues: network security, the Internet freedom and its governance, as mentioned above.

In terms of cybersecurity, scholars are holding a series of discussions on cyberspace with regard to the paradox of cybersecurity. Paradox insofar as there can be no security, according to the old saying: ‘every law has a loophole’: see also the phenomenon of hacking against the Latium Region, as well as the issue of those who design security software, a copy of which they can sell at very high prices to those interested in cracking it to obtain other results beyond the ‘trivial’ money gains. Other security issues are cyber warfare and cyber deterrence.

The Internet freedom is a foreign policy weapon that the United States has vigorously promoted in recent years, and the theory of the Internet public domain is an important theoretical basis for reinforcing this conception of international relations.

Research in this area focuses on the global public domain nature of cyberspace, and on the contradiction between the Internet freedom and cybersecurity.

As cybersecurity problems have increased and the US policy on the Internet freedom has been implemented, the risks of cyberspace have gradually become a severe obstacle to mutual trust and normal exchanges between countries.

For this reason, the Internet governance, including network security measures and the response to cybercrime problems, has also become an important issue of interest to international policy scholars.

The problem of cyberspace is an emerging global public issue. Research on such topics, especially theoretical analysis, is still in a state of rapid growth but development is lagging behind. Taking network security as an example, people have different interpretations of the connotation of the concept of network security and often use it interchangeably with terms such as computer security, network security and information security.

Although various problems of cyber insecurity are widely mentioned in official documents, the media and IT, surprisingly few security research papers clearly explain the combination of security and IT. What does this mean?

It is still very appropriate to use the summary provided by Johan Eriksson’s analysis of the security impact of the information revolution in 2006 to assess today’s computer security research: “Most research is unreliable and the focus is on security issues related to information technology. Most of the IT literature is policy-oriented and rarely related to international relations theory or any other discipline’.

Moreover, and perhaps more importantly, few scholars are concerned with the reason why the issue of cyberspace can quickly become politicised in the world. In other words, cyberspace is first a technical issue, followed by a domestic political issue, and finally an international political issue.

Global public issues are diverse, but not all of them can become explicit international political issues. The word politicisation has two meanings: one is the process of conferring a political nature and the other is the result of obtaining a political nature. In domestic politics, politicisation is often seen as a continuum of individual political consciousness formation and participation.

Cyberspace consists of a series of interconnected computer devices capable of storing and using information and communicating. It comprises four layers: people, information, logical modules and physical devices. In terms of use or purpose, cyberspace can be used to manipulate, process and develop data and information, and can promote and enhance communication between people and interaction between people and information.

On the one hand, unlike the four natural spaces – terrestrial, marine, atmospheric and ‘sublunar’ – cyberspace is entirely a man-made space, and the digital and virtual are its important features. On the other hand, in contrast to the four natural spaces, cyberspace increasingly shows signs of a neo-politics.

Specifically, the global politicisation of cyberspace is manifesting itself in cybersecurity, which is rapidly becoming part of everyday life.

The fundamental manifestation of the politicisation of the issue is that it has become the content of international negotiations and that the relevant international organisations are gradually taking an interest in the problem.

Since the new century, the cybersecurity issue has become an important topic of the United Nations. The United Nations has adopted a number of resolutions to promote the international community’s attention to cybersecurity threats and cooperation.

General Assembly’s Resolution 55/63 of January 22, 2001 suggests that countries should ensure that their laws and practices can eliminate safe havens for individuals who illegally misuse information technology. When investigating, international cases of illegal misuse of information technology should be prosecuted. Hence the countries concerned should cooperate with the coordination of law enforcement agencies. In the fight against the illegal misuse of information technology, countries should exchange information on the most severe problems. General Assembly’s Resolution 60/45 of January 6, 2006 requests the UN Secretary-General to appoint an intergovernmental expert group to continue research on possible cooperation on potential information security threats and requires the group to submit a report.

Although these resolutions and recommendations are far from the standards of an international convention on information security, they do mean that information security issues – as an emerging problem – are receiving worldwide attention.

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Small Halal Packaged Food Brands Are Thriving Amid America’s Big Food Slump

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As startups continue to erode the dominance of legacy packaged-food giants—a trend starkly outlined in a recent Wall Street Journal analysis—smaller halal brands stand at a pivotal inflection point. With affluent U.S. consumers reallocating spending toward culturally resonant, premium alternatives amid persistent inflation, the halal segment offers a compelling growth vector. Projections indicate the U.S. halal food market will expand by $21.63 billion from 2024 to 2029, achieving a compound annual growth rate of 9%—outstripping the broader consumer packaged goods (CPG) sector. Across North America, the market is forecasted to nearly double, from $100.11 billion in 2024 to $226 billion by 2033, at a 9.47% CAGR, driven by demographic expansion and mainstream ethical consumption. For nimble halal entrants, unencumbered by the scale constraints of incumbents like PepsiCo or Kraft Heinz, this represents not merely survival, but a strategic opportunity to capture disproportionate market share.

The broader CPG landscape underscores this dynamic. While economic headwinds—U.S. inflation lingering near 3% through mid-2025—have tempered volume sales for commoditized staples, higher-income households (those earning $75,000 or more) are sustaining premium outlays. Bain & Company’s ninth annual Insurgent Brands report, released in March 2025, highlights how 120 high-growth U.S. CPG upstarts commandeered 39% of category expansion last year, with food insurgents alone driving 27% of sector growth despite comprising less than 1% of total share. These disruptors, from functional sodas to nostalgic cereals, thrive on transparency, innovation, and direct-to-consumer agility—attributes that align seamlessly with halal’s inherent appeal of ethical sourcing and cultural authenticity.

Halal’s ascent is multifaceted. The U.S. Muslim population, estimated at 4.5 million as of early 2025, continues to burgeon, bolstering baseline demand. Yet, crossover adoption is accelerating: A 2024 Halal Food Council study, updated in May 2025, reveals that 35% of U.S. halal purchasers are non-Muslims, attracted by perceptions of superior quality and alignment with wellness imperatives. Tastewise’s 2025 CPG trends analysis further illuminates this, noting surging preferences for sustainable, purpose-driven products amid omnichannel shopping and plant-based innovations. For small halal brands, the imperative is clear: Leverage these tailwinds through targeted strategies that emphasize narrative, novelty, and niche distribution.

The CPG Bifurcation: Big Food’s Vulnerability, Halal’s Ascendancy

Legacy players have long attributed softening packaged-food sales to macroeconomic pressures, yet the bifurcation is more structural than cyclical. Q2 2025 earnings from PepsiCo and Mondelez reflected tepid core-segment performance, with executives citing inflationary pullback even as input costs escalated. In contrast, premium niches—encompassing functional snacks and culturally inflected confections—posted robust gains, as affluent demographics prioritize experiential value over volume.

This mirrors the insurgent surge documented by Bain: Brands like Olipop and Magic Spoon exemplify how targeted storytelling and clean-label formulations can yield outsized returns. Halal brands are uniquely positioned within this paradigm. Certifications from bodies like IFANCA or the Halal Food Standards Alliance (HFSAA) confer verifiable ethics—humane treatment, additive avoidance—that resonate in an era of regulatory scrutiny and consumer skepticism. Early movers such as Saffron Road, the American Halal Company, have scaled accordingly: Founded in 2011 with globally inspired frozen entrees, the brand now secures prominent placement at Whole Foods and Target, appealing to a diversified base where non-Muslim buyers constitute a substantial cohort.

Similarly, Chicago-based Crescent Foods has differentiated in premium proteins, supplying small-batch processors for jerky and sausages that cater to health-oriented segments. Industry projections suggest such agile operators could appropriate 15-20% of halal’s incremental growth, contingent on responsive innovation and community engagement. As the Wall Street Journal aptly frames it, startups are “eating Big Food’s lunch”—and halal insurgents are devouring the most flavorful portions.

Narrative as Competitive Moat: Cultivating Cultural Resonance

In a commoditized market, differentiation hinges on intangibles. Small halal brands can erect formidable barriers through authentic storytelling, transforming products into conduits for heritage and values. Saffron Road’s digital ecosystem—Instagram narratives evoking familial spice traditions and market-sourced visuals—has cultivated loyalty, with 40% of its clientele comprising non-traditional consumers drawn to the brand’s emotive transparency.

A 2025 Halal Times analysis of packaging dynamics indicates that cultural provenance boosts purchase intent by 62%, underscoring the efficacy of such approaches. For emerging players, execution involves cost-effective levers: QR-enabled labels linking to founder origin tales, or TikTok campaigns (#HalalHeritage) amplifying user narratives. Brooklyn’s One World Foods, specializing in spice blends and marinades, achieved a threefold DTC sales uplift in 2024 via influencer partnerships in multicultural niches—a model scalable for 2025’s digital-first affluent buyer.

Innovation Imperative: Aligning with Premium Trends

Affluent splurges favor novelty, and halal brands must innovate accordingly. The global functional foods market, projected to swell from $398.81 billion in 2025 to $793.60 billion by 2032 at a 10.33% CAGR, underscores demand for bioactive enhancements—adaptogens in bars, electrolytes in confections. Texas-based Al Safa Foods exemplified this with its spring 2025 “Zaytoun Bars,” plant-derived energy snacks infused with za’atar and pistachios, which rapidly depleted Amazon inventories.

Tastewise data reveals 75% of Gen Z consumers favor global flavor fusions, such as harissa-inflected honeys or matcha-mango hybrids—opportunities for halal adaptations eschewing gelatin or syrups. Operational tactics include rapid prototyping at urban markets or faith-based events, with pricing at a 20-30% premium to denote exclusivity. Cross-sector collaborations, such as with fitness platforms, can accelerate adoption, mirroring the velocity that propelled RXBAR’s ascent.

Distribution Discipline: Targeting Affluent Vectors

Bypassing mass retailers, halal brands should prioritize channels frequented by experimental high earners, who demonstrate 40% greater propensity for niche trials. E-commerce platforms like Thrive Market and HalalWorld facilitate curated access, while subscription models—exemplified by Crescent Foods’ jerky auto-renewals—enhance retention.

Emerging halal aisles at Costco and algorithmic favoritism on Amazon further democratize visibility sans prohibitive slotting fees. Personalization, via customizable bundles for seasonal observances, yields DTC margins up to 50%, with 55% of premium users committing to recurring purchases. Festival activations in metros like New York or Los Angeles serve as low-risk testing grounds for broader rollout.

Trust as Transactional Currency: Certification and Engagement

Eroding faith in CPG incumbents—exacerbated by 2024’s additive controversies—elevates halal’s certification rigor as a trust multiplier. Midamar Corporation’s post-recall resurgence, fueled by audit transparency and stakeholder dialogues, delivered a 150% sales rebound. Platforms like Zabihah enable granular feedback, while inclusive campaigns (“Ethical Eats for All”) extend reach to the 35% non-Muslim cohort.

By October 2025, the halal sector’s momentum—$21.63 billion U.S. accretion through 2029, $226 billion North American valuation by 2033—positions small brands as CPG’s vanguard. Success demands agility: Iterative consumer insights, narrative fidelity, and channel precision. In an industry yielding to insurgents, halal’s ethical core and cultural depth confer a defensible moat, enabling these brands to not only partake in Big Food’s reallocation but to architect the premium paradigm anew.

Hafiz Maqsood Ahmed is the Editor-in-Chief of The Halal Times


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7 Trends Reshaping a USD 3.9 Trillion Global Halal Industry

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The Global Halal Market (GHM) is not just growing, it’s exploding. Driven by a surging Muslim population, rising disposable incomes, and shifting consumer preferences, this behemoth is projected to reach a staggering USD 3.9 trillion by 2027. But what’s driving this explosive growth? Buckle up, because 2024 promises a thrilling ride fueled by cutting-edge technology, ethical consumerism, and personalized convenience. Here’s your deep dive into the 7 hottest trends reshaping the global halal landscape:

Halal Tech Revolution: Where Silicon Valley Meets Mecca

Forget clunky processes and opaque sourcing. The halal industry is getting a tech makeover, and it’s about time. Blockchain is ensuring ethical sourcing and transparent supply chains, from farm to fork. Imagine halal meat traced back to its free-range roots, with every step documented on a tamper-proof digital ledger. Artificial intelligence is optimizing slaughterhouses, automating processes, and ensuring humane treatment of animals. Halal e-commerce platforms are booming, bringing convenience and halal-certified products to Muslim consumers worldwide. Think Amazon, but with prayer apps, virtual tours of halal farms, and even halal-compliant fintech solutions – the future of halal is digital and delicious!

Ethical Halal: Beyond Compliance, Embracing Values

Muslim consumers are no longer satisfied with just a halal label. They crave sustainability, animal welfare, and organic goodness. Expect a surge in plant-based halal options, from juicy burgers to creamy milkshakes made with innovative pea protein and lentil blends. Ethically sourced meat, raised on antibiotic-free feed and roaming in spacious pastures, will be the new gold standard. And get ready for a beauty revolution: cruelty-free cosmetics and hygiene products that adhere to Islamic principles will pamper consumers with peace of mind.

Convenience is King: Busy Lives, Halal Solutions

In today’s fast-paced world, convenience reigns supreme. The halal industry is taking note, with solutions tailor-made for busy Muslim lives. Subscription meal kits will deliver pre-portioned, halal-certified ingredients straight to doorsteps, complete with recipe cards for stress-free meal prep. Halal food delivery apps will take the guesswork out of dining out, connecting users with a curated selection of restaurants and cafes offering delicious and compliant meals. And for those special occasions, on-demand halal catering will ensure stress-free gatherings, leaving hosts free to enjoy the festivities.

Beyond Food: The Halal Universe Expands

The halal industry is shedding its “food-only” label and branching out into exciting new frontiers. Halal travel is booming, with destinations vying for Muslim tourists by offering halal amenities, prayer spaces, and culturally sensitive experiences. Imagine exploring Marrakech’s vibrant souks or unwinding on a pristine Maldives beach, all while knowing your needs are catered to. Halal cosmetics are gaining traction, with innovative brands formulating products free of alcohol, animal derivatives, and harsh chemicals. And even the pharmaceutical industry is taking notice, developing halal-compliant medications and healthcare products that align with Islamic principles.

Science & Innovation: Reimagining Halal with Cutting-Edge Tech

Research labs are not just churning out papers; they’re cooking up a futuristic halal feast. Lab-grown halal meat is no longer science fiction, with companies like Eat Just and Aleph Farms creating meat indistinguishable from its conventional counterpart, but without the ethical and environmental concerns. Plant-based alternatives are evolving beyond bland tofu, with innovative textures and flavors mimicking everything from juicy steaks to succulent lamb shanks. Get ready for halal food reimagined with cutting-edge technology, offering delicious and sustainable options for the future.

Health & Wellness: Halal Goes Holistic

Muslim consumers are prioritizing their well-being like never before. Enter functional halal foods infused with ingredients like probiotics, antioxidants, and adaptogens, designed to nourish the body and mind. Sports nutrition is another burgeoning market, with protein powders and energy bars formulated specifically for Muslim athletes seeking halal-compliant performance boosters. And for those managing chronic conditions, dietary supplements tailored to diabetes management, weight loss, or heart health will offer halal solutions for holistic well-being.

Storytelling & Branding: Building Trust, Shaping Perceptions

In a crowded marketplace, differentiating your brand is key. The halal industry is catching on, embracing compelling narratives and values-driven branding. Showcase your commitment to ethical sourcing, sustainability, and community engagement. Share inspiring stories of the farmers who raise your halal meat, the scientists developing innovative food technologies, or the communities you empower through your business practices. By building trust and aligning with consumer values, halal brands can stand out.

Embrace the Halal Revolution:2024 is not just a year on the calendar; it’s the dawn of a new era for the halal industry. By harnessing the power of technology, embracing ethical values, and catering to evolving consumer needs, halal businesses can tap into a USD 3.9 trillion market brimming with potential. So, whether you’re a food producer, travel blogger, or tech whiz, join the halal revolution. Optimize your offerings, tell your story, and connect with Muslim consumers worldwide. The future of halal is bright, and the time to act is now.


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Beyond Andalusia: Exploring Spain’s Islamic Heritage through Halal Tourism

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Spain’s evolving landscape of Muslim-friendly tourism is a testament to its rich Islamic history and its commitment to embracing diverse cultural needs. As we head into 2023, projections indicate a staggering 85 million international visitors to Spain, a 16.4% increase from the previous year, highlighting the country’s growing appeal as a global tourist destination. A significant portion of these tourists are from Muslim-majority countries, drawn to Spain’s Islamic heritage and the burgeoning availability of Halal services and tailored cultural experiences.

The Rise of Halal Tourism in Spain

Spain’s shift towards accommodating Muslim tourists is evident in the increasing number of Halal-certified establishments and services. The Spanish Halal Institute has reported a surge in businesses seeking Halal certification, a rise from 100 in 2010 to over 500 in recent years. This growth is not only a response to the rising Muslim visitor numbers but also a strategic move by Spanish businesses to tap into the lucrative Muslim market.

Muslim-friendly Services Across Spain

Beyond the traditionally popular Andalucía, other regions in Spain are adapting to the needs of Muslim tourists. Cities like Barcelona, Toledo, and Madrid now offer a range of Halal dining options, prayer facilities, and culturally sensitive services. For instance, the Mandarin Oriental in Barcelona, a Halal-certified hotel, offers amenities tailored to Muslim guests, including prayer mats and Halal food options. Similarly, the Costa del Sol Hotel in Torremolinos has trained its staff in Muslim culture and traditions, enhancing the experience for its Muslim clientele.

Cultural and Historical Tourism

Spain’s Islamic history, particularly the legacy of Al-Andalus, is a major draw for Muslim visitors. Educational initiatives like walking tours in Toledo, led by Aicha Fernández, and Madrid’s Muslim and Arab heritage tours, organized by Rafael Martínez, provide insights into Spain’s rich Islamic past. These tours are not just tourist attractions but educational experiences, offering deep dives into the historical and cultural significance of Spain’s Islamic era.

Economic Impact and Market Potential

The economic potential of Muslim-friendly tourism in Spain is immense. According to a report by the State of the Islamic Economy (2022), the global Muslim population, a significant portion of which belongs to the rising middle class, is increasingly travel-savvy and demands tailored services. This presents a lucrative opportunity for Spanish businesses in the tourism sector.

Government Initiatives and Recognition

The Spanish government’s role in promoting Muslim-friendly tourism is pivotal. Efforts like the creation of Halal tourism guides by municipalities like Málaga, which won recognition at the Halal In Travel Global Summit in Singapore, underscore the national commitment to positioning Spain as a Muslim-friendly destination.

Challenges and Opportunities

Despite the progress, challenges remain. Celia Rodríguez, a Spanish revert, notes the scarcity of Halal options in some regions and the need for better-informed services for Muslim tourists. This gap presents an opportunity for businesses to further tailor their offerings and improve communication with Muslim clients.

Global Context and Future Prospects

Globally, the trend towards Muslim-friendly tourism is gaining momentum, with countries like South Korea and Japan also emerging as popular destinations. Spain’s strategic approach to embracing and catering to the needs of Muslim tourists not only enhances its competitive edge in the global tourism market but also promotes cultural understanding and inclusivity.


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